Kembang gandarasa (Justicia gendarussa / Gendarussa vulgaris),

Gendarus leaves contain various bioactive compounds that support reproductive function and overall health. Gendarusin A and B, specific flavonoid glycosides, are key to the plant’s antifertility effects, inhibiting enzymes in sperm without affecting testosterone levels. The lignan compound justicin provides strong anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, helping reduce inflammation and pain. Alkaloids and saponins aid blood circulation and decrease swelling, while essential oils give a distinctive pungent aroma and exhibit antiseptic properties.

Gendarus leaves offer a range of phytopharmaceutical benefits for reproductive health, bones, and the nervous system. As a non-hormonal male contraceptive, gendarusin compounds inhibit the enzyme hyaluronidase in sperm heads, preventing sperm from penetrating the egg, while sperm quality and count remain normal without reducing libido. Traditionally known as “Besi-besi” or bone-strengthening, crushed leaves are applied as a poultice to improve blood circulation in fractured areas, sprains, or bruises, while reducing swelling quickly. Its analgesic and warming properties help relieve chronic joint pain, backaches, and migraines by promoting blood flow. Additionally, leaf decoctions are sometimes used as a respiratory antiseptic to thin mucus and ease mild bronchitis coughs.