Pucang / jambe (Biji Pinang / Areca catechu)

Arecoline is the primary bioactive alkaloid with parasympathomimetic properties, working similarly to nicotine by stimulating the central nervous system to increase alertness and heart rate. The areca nut is also rich in condensed tannins, or procyanidins, which give it a red color when chewed and act as strong astringents and antioxidants. Secondary alkaloids, such as arecaidine and guvacine, influence GABA receptors in the brain, producing a mild calming effect amid the stimulation. Additionally, polyphenols in the nut provide anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial benefits, helping to protect oral tissues in the short term.

The jambe nut is known for its diverse benefits. As an instant stimulant and focus enhancer, chewing the nut provides a quick surge of energy, reduces drowsiness, and improves mental concentration, similar to a high dose of caffeine. Its astringent tannins also strengthen the gums, helping to tighten loose gums, stop bleeding, and reduce bad breath, although they may stain the teeth. Pharmacologically, the arecoline in the nut acts as an anthelmintic, paralyzing the nervous system of tapeworms and roundworms so they can be expelled from the body. Additionally, dried pinang powder is often applied to open wounds to quickly stop bleeding and prevent infection. Its stimulant effects and increased blood flow are also traditionally believed to enhance sexual desire, acting as an aphrodisiac.