Merica sulah (Melaleuca leucadendra)

The leaves and fruit of this plant contain 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) as the main volatile compound, providing a warm–spicy aroma while acting as a powerful antiseptic and pain reliever. Monoterpenes such as α-pinene and limonene contribute anti-inflammatory effects and help clear the respiratory passages. In addition, sesquiterpenes like viridiflorol enhance its antibacterial activity and support faster wound healing. The tannins found in the hard seed coat or fruit provide an astringent effect, promoting digestive health and soothing mild irritation.

The seeds of this plant are known as a powerful remedy for stomach ailments thanks to their strong carminative effects, making them the key ingredient in the traditional jamu “Merica Bolong.” They effectively relieve bloating, colic, and severe abdominal cramps through their warming properties, which relax intestinal muscles more efficiently than the leaves. The cineole they contain also acts as a local analgesic, which is why crushed seeds are traditionally used to ease toothache or neuralgia by placing them in a cavity to temporarily numb the pain.

In addition, their sharp, spicy aroma functions as a nervous system stimulant that increases alertness, reduces drowsiness, and alleviates headaches. These seeds also serve as a natural expectorant that helps thin mucus in cases of bronchitis or asthma while inhibiting bacteria that cause respiratory infections.