Daun mandalika / Daun Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi / Diospyros discolor)

The leaves of this plant are rich in condensed tannins, the dominant polyphenol compounds that provide strong astringent effects to tighten tissues and reduce fluid secretion. Triterpenoids such as lupeol and betulinic acid act as potent anti-inflammatories, helping to relieve skin inflammation and inhibit bacterial growth. Additionally, flavonoids function as antioxidants, protecting cells from oxidative damage and supporting the immune system, while the small amounts of alkaloids contribute to its antibacterial activity.

A decoction of bisbul leaves has traditionally been used as a bath or compress to treat skin conditions such as eczema, scabies, and allergic itching, thanks to its antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. Its high tannin content is also effective for treating acute diarrhea by firming loose stools and reducing bowel movement frequency through tightening the intestinal lining. Additionally, the leaf infusion has a cooling effect that helps lower fever, and in certain traditional practices, sterile bisbul leaf decoction is used as an eye rinse to relieve mild irritation or redness.